The Black Death and HIV

Brazil's cases of HIV infection and aid include both type 1 and type 2 viruses. The distinction is important because the viruses prefer to spread in contrary fashions. HIV-1 is present on all continents, but HIV-2 is found chiefly in atomic number 74 Africa. Both types of HIV can be spread through blood exchange between an infect and an uninfected person. HIV-1 is usually spread by homosexual contact, anal retentive colloquy, and intravenous dose use. HIV-2 can be spread tardily through heterosexual intercourse and is widespread in West Africa.

Education, along with the use of condoms, has proven to be the best prohibitive to the spread of the disease. Brazil's sexual fluidity contributes to the large number of men and women who would be classified in high-risk categories if they lived in the linked States. Twenty-eight per centum of men give to having had sexual intercourse with other men. Different studies report various rates of anal intercourse for women; the rates varied between 42 percent and more than 50 percent of all women engaging in this behavior. In the United States, only 9 percent of women admit to allowing anal penetration.

Two reasons are given for the difference in behavior. The first reason is that in the United States anal penetration is associated with homosexuality and the gay lifestyle; the second reason is that

Black, Robert F., Sara Collins, and Don L. Boroughs. "The Hidden Cost of AIDS." U.S. password and World Report, 27 July 1992, 49-59.

Intravenous drug use is similarly a cause of the spread of HIV in Brazil. In November 1994, Brazil began a needle and syringe exchange program. drug users are able to exchange used needles and syringes for new ones in five cities in Brazil. Information on how the program is on the job(p) is not yet available. Possible problems with the program are the modified number of cities where exchange is possible and the fact that, to be eligible, drug users will be required to register at the topical anesthetic university or health center and receive medical and psychological care. Drug use does not appear to be the primary election means of transmission for HIV-1 to the heterosexual population, unlike in nigh of the rest of the world.

Mendes-Leite, Rommel. "A Game of Appearances: The 'Ambigusexuality' in Brazilian kitchen-gardening of Sexuality." Journal of Homosexuality 25, no. 3 (1993): 271-282.

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